I’ve set the environment variable DYLD_PRINT_LIBRARIES=1 in my Xcode products scheme and from what I could tell from the console output it gave me it did loading the right library.
But anyways I think you where right because what I tried then was to delete the alias libvulkan.1.dylib and renamed the library file libvulkan.1.2.154.dylib to be libvulkan.1.dylib. Then it all started to work… the surface was created so clearly something was wrong with the loading part as you suggested.
Thanks for the tip!