If you want to call glfwPollEvents() more frequently than you update your rendering then the usual approach is to move the rendering to another thread, and use glfwMakeContextCurrent on that thread (if using OpenGL).
You can find a bit more information in posts here if you search for multithreading, including this one where @elmindreda explains the OS requirements for why glfwPollEvents must be called from the main thread.