I don’t know Code::Blocks well enough to give a full answer, but perhaps the following will help:
First off the tutorial you’ve read is for compiling GLFW itself, you should now move on to reading how to build an application with GLFW.
If you use cmake for your project you can then output a Code::Blocks project, see GLFW + Code::Blocks + Ubuntu
The Code::Blocks wiki has a section on GLFW however it’s a little confusing.
It appears there the Code::Blocks ‘template’ for GLFW might be out of date, see https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=177036
You might also want to ask this question on the Code::Blocks forum as it’s more about how to use Code::Blocks than about GLFW.